Preheat oven to 300 degrees F. Have ready two or three ungreased baking sheets.
With an electric mixer or by hand, beat softened butter and sugar until light and fluffy, then beat in the egg yolks, one by one. Beat in the vanilla and salt, scraping the side of the bowl often, then add flour and stir to make a soft dough.
If the dough is warm or feels too loose to shape, cover and chill for about an hour. Otherwise, shape dough right away.
Shape dough into about 40-42 1 inch balls and arrange about an 1 ½ inches apart on baking sheets. Use your thumb to make a deep indentation in each ball of dough.
Bake at a low and slow 300 degrees F for about 22 minutes or until the cookies appear set by not browned. The bakery cookies were very white. Transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
Filling
Off the heat, combine sugar, cocoa, and whole milk in a small heavy saucepan and stir until evenly blended. Set over medium heat and bring to a boil. Boil for 1 ½ to 2 minutes (1 ½ minute works for me), stirring constantly. Remove from the heat and add butter and vanilla. Stir with a wooden spoon or heavy duty heat-proof scraper. As you stir, it will thicken to the point where you can spoon it.
Put a spoonful of the filling in each cookie and allow it to set.
Notes
Rich Fudge Filling for Thumbprint Cookies
1 cup (6 oz) semisweet chocolate chips (or chopped chocolate)
3 tablespoons heavy cream
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
¼ teaspoon vanilla extract
Pinch of salt (optional, for balance)
Tiny dash of golden syrup or corn syrup for gloss
Instructions:
Place the chocolate, heavy cream, and butter in the top of a double boiler or put in a microwave-safe bowl.
Melt the mixture over simmering water or microwave on high in 20 second bursts, stirring after each burst. If your microwave has different power settings you can also try melting at a lower power for longer spurts, just don’t let the mixture boil.
Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla extract and a pinch of salt if using. For shinier filling, add 1 teaspoon of golden syrup or corn syrup.
Once the cookies are baked and cooled slightly, spoon the warm fudge filling into the thumbprint indentations.
Let the filling set at room temperature for 1–2 hours or chill to quick set